When you fail to plan, you are leaving yourself and your family
exposed and reliant upon whatever planning, staffing and supplies
that local authorities and service agencies are capable of
providing at the time. Please be aware, that in an emergency
situation, it could take hours, even days before assistance is
available to you.
Building Your Disaster Kit
Creating your own evacuation or shelter-in-place kit takes some
thought. To shelter at home you would naturally be able to
stock different items that may be weight prohibited in an
evacuation. The more canned goods and water that you store
the heavier your kit will be.
Also, will this be for one person, two or more? What will
be your container of choice for transport?
You may need to survive on your own after a disaster. This
means having your own food, water, and other supplies in
sufficient quantity to last for at least three days. Local
officials and relief workers will be on the scene after a
disaster, but they cannot reach everyone immediately. You could
get help in hours, or it might take days.
Basic services such as electricity, gas, water, sewage
treatment, and telephones may be cut off for days, or even a week
or longer. Or, you may have to evacuate at a moment’s notice and
take essentials with you. You probably will not have the
opportunity to shop or search for the supplies you need.
A disaster supplies kit is a collection of basic items that
members of a household may need in the event of a disaster.
Kit Locations
Since you do not know where you will be when an emergency
occurs, prepare supplies for home, work, and vehicles.
| Home |
Work |
Car |
Your disaster supplies kit should contain
essential food, water, and supplies for at least three
days.
Keep this kit in a designated place and have it ready in
case you have to leave your home quickly. Make sure all
family members know where the kit is kept.
Additionally, you may want to consider having supplies for
sheltering for up to two weeks. |
This kit should be in one container, and
ready to "grab and go" in case you are evacuated
from your workplace.
Make sure you have food and water in the kit. Also, be
sure to have comfortable walking shoes at your workplace
in case an evacuation requires walking long distances. |
In case you are stranded, keep a kit of
emergency supplies in your car.
This kit should contain food, water, first aid supplies,
flares, jumper cables, and seasonal supplies. |
Water
How Much Water do I Need?
You should store at least one gallon of water per person per day.
A normally active person needs at least one-half gallon of water
daily just for drinking.
Additionally, in determining adequate quantities, take the
following into account:
-
Individual needs vary, depending on age, physical condition,
activity, diet, and climate.
-
Children, nursing mothers, and ill people need more water.
-
Very hot temperatures can double the amount of water needed.
-
A medical emergency might require additional water.
How Should I Store Water?
To prepare safest and most reliable emergency supply of water, it
is recommended you purchase commercially packaged water.
Some commercially packaged water will keep for 5 years,
however if you choose bottled water with limited storage life, you
should keep bottled water in its original container and do not
open it until you need to use it. Bottled water should be kept in
the dark and at a constant temperature.
Observe the expiration or “use by” date. Most bottled water
should be rotated out of stock every six months.
If you are preparing your own containers of water
It is recommended you purchase food-grade water storage
containers from surplus or camping supplies stores to use for
water storage. Before filling with water, thoroughly clean the
containers with dishwashing soap and water, and rinse completely
so there is no residual soap. Follow directions below on filling
the container with water.
If you choose to use your own storage containers, choose
two-liter plastic soft drink bottles – not plastic jugs or
cardboard containers that have had milk or fruit juice in them.
Milk protein and fruit sugars cannot be adequately removed from
these containers and provide an environment for bacterial growth
when water is stored in them. Cardboard containers also leak
easily and are not designed for long-term storage of liquids.
Also, do not use glass containers, because they can break and are
heavy.
If storing water in plastic soda bottles, follow these
steps
Thoroughly clean the bottles with dishwashing soap and water, and
rinse completely so there is no residual soap. Sanitize the
bottles by adding a solution of 1 teaspoon of non-scented liquid
household chlorine bleach to a quart of water. Swish the
sanitizing solution in the bottle so that it touches all surfaces.
After sanitizing the bottle, thoroughly rinse out the sanitizing
solution with clean water.
Filling water containers
Fill the bottle to the top with regular tap water. If the tap
water has been commercially treated from a water utility with
chlorine, you do not need to add anything else to the water to
keep it clean. If the water you are using comes from a well or
water source that is not treated with chlorine, add two drops of
non-scented liquid household chlorine bleach to the water. Tightly
close the container using the original cap. Be careful not to
contaminate the cap by touching the inside of it with your finger.
Place a date on the outside of the container so that you know when
you filled it. Store in a cool, dark place. Replace the water
every six months if not using commercially bottled water.
Food
The following are things to consider when putting together your
food supplies:
-
Avoid foods that will make you thirsty. Choose salt-free
crackers, whole grain cereals, and canned foods with high
liquid content.
-
Stock canned foods, dry mixes, and other staples that do not
require refrigeration, cooking, water, or special
preparation. You may already have many of these on hand.
(Note: Be sure to include a manual can opener.)
-
Include special dietary needs.
Basic Disaster Supplies Kit
The following items are recommended for inclusion in your basic
disaster supplies kit:
-
Three-day supply of non-perishable food.
-
Three-day supply of water - one gallon of water per person,
per day.
-
Portable, battery-powered radio or television and extra
batteries, or equivalent.
-
Flashlight and extra batteries, or equivalent
-
First aid kit and manual.
-
Sanitation and hygiene items (moist towelettes and toilet
paper).
-
Matches and waterproof container.
-
Whistle.
-
Extra clothing.
-
Kitchen accessories, paper plates and cups, and cooking
utensils, including a can opener.
-
Photocopies of credit and identification cards.
-
Cash and coins.
-
Special needs items, such as prescription medications, eye
glasses, contact lens solutions, and hearing aid batteries.
-
Items for infants, such as formula, diapers, bottles, and
pacifiers.
-
Other items to meet your unique family needs.
If you live in a cold climate, you must think about warmth. It
is possible that you will not have heat. Think about your clothing
and bedding supplies. Be sure to include one complete change of
clothing and shoes per person, including:
Maintaining Your Disaster Supplies Kit
Just as important as putting your supplies together is
maintaining them so they are safe to use when needed. Here are
some tips to keep your supplies ready and in good condition:
-
Keep canned foods in a dry place where the temperature is
cool.
-
Store boxed food in tightly closed plastic or metal
containers to protect from pests and to extend its shelf
life.
-
Throw out any canned good that becomes swollen, dented, or
corroded.
-
Use foods before they go bad, and replace them with fresh
supplies.
-
Place new items at the back of the storage area and older
ones in the front.
-
Change stored food and water supplies every six months. Be
sure to write the date you store it on all containers.
-
Re-think your needs every year and update your kit as your
family needs change.
-
Keep items in airtight plastic bags and put your entire
disaster supplies kit in one or two easy-to-carry
containers, such as an unused trashcan, camping backpack, or
duffel bag.
Reprinted with additions from FEMA's website.
Additional information on Disaster Supplies and Preparation is
available from your local county Office of Emergency Management,
the Red Cross, and FEMA.